ネイティブ先生に直された言葉の使い分け： clear / obvious 他
ネイティブ先生に添削してもらっ英文を、一部ご紹介したいと思います。
clear / obvious 「明らかな」
think / wonder 「思う」
the / that
の使い分けを詳しく紹介します！
こちらの文をチェックしていただきました。
1 clear / obvious の使い分け
Isn't it clear that some creepy assumption is going on behind the concept?
→ Isn't it obvious that some creepy assumption is going on behind the concept?
（なんか怪しげな意図が背後にあるってことが明白じゃないですか？）
正直、どっちでも良さそう！という気がしますよね。辞書的には同じ意味が載ってますし。英英辞書でひくとこのような意味が最初に載っています。
clear ＝ easy to perceive, understand, or interpret
obvious ＝ easily perceived or understood ; clear, self-evident, or apparent
一緒じゃん！（笑）obviousの方に clear が入っちゃってるし！
これだと、ネイティブの感覚が分かりません。。。
ネイティブ先生から頂いたコメントはこちら↓
clear = made easy to understand
"she made it clear she didn't want to date him"
（彼女は彼とデートしたくないと明らかにした
"she made it clear she didn't want to date him"
（彼女は彼とデートしたくないと明らかにした
なるほど。「わざと分からせる、理解してもらう方向にもっていく」というニュアンスを感じているようです。
obvious = easy to understand, even if it's hidden
"it was obvious he was wearing a wig"
（彼がカツラを付けてることは明白だ）
"it was obvious he was wearing a wig"
（彼がカツラを付けてることは明白だ）
例文のチョイス（笑）。この even if it's hidden という所がポイントでしょうね！「隠されていたとしても（バレバレですよ）」という時にはobviousを使うという事でしょうね。ほ～～。
２ think / wonder の使い分け
I assume that many Japanese people (who are not young enough to be familiar with recent "drinking" culture) think " what is ‘gyara-nomi?’" .
→ I assume that many Japanese people (who are not young enough to be familiar with recent "drinking" culture) wonder what ‘gyara-nomi’ is.
（沢山の日本人（最近の飲み会文化に馴染みがあるほど若くない人達）は、ギャラ飲みって何なの？と思うと思います。）
これは、文法的に「直接話法」→「間接話法」に直されたってことですね。もちろん「間接話法」の存在は知っていたけど、think の時も会話風の時（カッコを使っている時）は使うんですね？と新しい発見でした。
ネイティブ先生から頂いたコメントはこちら↓
In Japanese it's common to write someone else's thoughts like they're your own, but in English we have a whole set of grammar for 'reported speech'.
（日本語では、誰かほかの人の考えを自分のもののように言う事がよくありますが、英語では「間接話法」を使います。）
（日本語では、誰かほかの人の考えを自分のもののように言う事がよくありますが、英語では「間接話法」を使います。）
日本では、「間接話法」って say から→ tell / ask / order / suggest / advise なんかに変換するパターンしかほぼ習わないんですけど、think → wonder とかもあるんだ！！
※文法書でチェックしてみたら【参考】伝達動詞にはsay , tell 以外の動詞が使われることもある とありました。
wonder ＝desire to know something ; feel curious ; feel doubt
（何かを知りたいと強く望む。～なのかなと不思議に思う。～なんじゃないのかなと疑う）
ですから、wonder は、自分以外の誰かの思考を「推し量る」時には確かにピッタリな単語ですよね。
３ the / that の使い分け
As for the magazine instructing how to judge whether a woman was sexually available or not...
→ As for that magazine instructing how to judge whether a woman was sexually available or not...
（女性とセックス出来るかどうかを判断する方法を指導している雑誌についてですが…）
冠詞の使い分けは、ホント難しい！
「もしここでtheが使われてたらどんな風に聞こえるの？」と聞いてみました。
ネイティブ先生から頂いたコメントはこちら↓
Actually both are OK - if we use "that", we are kind of pointing at the magazine, like "that magazine that we all know about (but we don't need to say the name of).
"The" is a bit more general, so it might be used if there are lots of magazines that do this. e.g "The magazines that instruct how to judge...."
（実際は、どちらでもOKです。もし that を使ったら、その雑誌をハッキリ指示してるようになります。「私達みんな知ってるあの雑誌（名前は言わなくてもいいよね）」と言う風に。the はもう少し一般的な響きです。なので、こういう事をしている雑誌が沢山あるというのなら、こんな風に使われると思います。「どうやって判断するかを指導しているそういった雑誌（達）…」。
"The" is a bit more general, so it might be used if there are lots of magazines that do this. e.g "The magazines that instruct how to judge...."
（実際は、どちらでもOKです。もし that を使ったら、その雑誌をハッキリ指示してるようになります。「私達みんな知ってるあの雑誌（名前は言わなくてもいいよね）」と言う風に。the はもう少し一般的な響きです。なので、こういう事をしている雑誌が沢山あるというのなら、こんな風に使われると思います。「どうやって判断するかを指導しているそういった雑誌（達）…」。
なるほど。納得です！！前の文からの流れ的に「あの雑誌」と指し示す方がしっくりくるところです。
自分ではなかなか気づきにくい所を訂正してもらえて嬉しいです！
かなり真っ赤に直してもらいましたし！（笑）
訂正後の文はこちら↓
What's the concept of 'gyara-nomi' in the first place?
That's my first reaction when I heard the news about a Japanese magazine that caused an outcry by ranking universities on how easily men can coerce female students into having sex. I'm assuming I assume that many Japanese people (who are not young enough to be familiar with recent "drinking" culture) think 'what is 'gyaranomi''wonder what ‘gyara-nomi’ is.
Gyara-nomi are drinking parties where only men have to pay, while women attending to the party can eat and drink for free
Sounds so fishy. Isn't it clear obvious that some creepy assumption is going on behind the concept?
That must be a typical the general impression most Japanese people, well... most older Japanese people, get from the phrase 'gyara-nomi'.
Would't girls Doesn’t it seem like the girls would be treated like paid companions or something?
Wouldn't men assume that they have a kind of 'right' to become excessively intimate with girls?
Just Stay Away From Such A Shady Party, GIRLS!
That's what I first thought, actually. Yes. I am an old type person in one's late 40s in my late 40’s, so I guess I’m ‘older’. I was raised in the society where it is women that must a time when women had to be careful not to get involved in troubled situation difficult situations. The older woman in me says, “Men can be animalistic, girls! They can't restrain their innate aspiration fight their instincts from time to time. So be careful, girls! Don't wear provocative clothes, don't go anywhere dubious, behave yourself, OR it's highly possible that you'll get assaulted. It's up to you, girls!”
Yeah. They There may be effective countermeasures to prevent sex crimes from happening. If girls are very cautious and take every step to avoid arousing men's false assumption giving men the wrong ideas, the number of such crimes may decrease. But we, women, have a right to do what we want to do, men! Why can’t we wear what we want without having the possibility of being sexually assaulted? Is it only women that should be careful?
NO WAY!
Just look at this issue the other way around. Guys! Be careful not to be uncontrollable lose control, even when drinking. We are animals, yes, but don't forget that we are social animals. Make sure if you have there is mutual consent when before having sex. Implied consent is not enough guys! BE CAREFUL not to simplify your thought processes and objectify treat women like as nothing more than an outlet for your desire. I know not many guys would behave like that and cause trouble, but no one can deny the fact that a certain number of male party-attendees misbehave themselves and go wild without noticing what they are doing.
So be careful not to be a part of take part in a crime.
As for the that magazine instructing how to judge whether a woman was sexually available or not...
FUCK OFF
It's not funny. It’s not ‘just a joke’. There have been similar tone of articles with a similar tone everywhere for decades, so they may have thought, “what's wong? Why only us?” But Hey! wake up guys!
I heard not only women, but also many men felt uncomfortable, reading the issue that article. And many people raised their voices against this sexually abusive article. I feel our cultural / social norms are changing, and this is very encouraging. We can be very kind and attentive to each other when falling in love. That's when we have sex. That's what we, all both genders, want.
英作文は、書いて直してもらって書いて直してもらって！を続けるのが上達への道ですね。これからも頑張りまーす。
